Caving

How Are Caves formed?
First, we would like to acquaint you with the caves in general. A cave is a natural void in the ground, a hillside or cliff, specifically a natural opening in the earth which is large enough for a human to enter through the cave’s mouth. There is no certain dimension for the mouth of caves; the entrance might be very small, so that one needs to crawl into the cave through the mouth, or it might be an opening of several meters.
Caves are formed either naturally or artificially.

Artificial caves
Artificial caves are created by humans, in the form of holes, ditches or cracks in rocks or in the ground. Artificial caves are created for various purposes including protection of humans against animals, natural disasters, wars and so on.
Natural caves
The reasons of formation of different natural caves are as follows:
1. Acidic water (carbonic acid) flowing down through the cracks in the limestone
2. Sea wave erosion
3. Earthquakes and folding in rock layers
4. Volcano
5. Wind
6. Ice Caves

Iran is a country full of diversity and home to numerous amazing tourist attractions, similar to which, one can hardly find any other places.
One of the tourist attractions in Iran is its amazing caves. Thanks to the numerous caves in Iran, it is the paradise for caving lovers, and, every year, a large number of nature and adventure lovers travel to Iran to explore deep into the earth at the beautiful caves in this country.
In addition to places like Mount Paraw (Parau), which is full of technical deep caves, Iran has some caves that are good destinations for tourists interested in nature.

Stalactite/ Stalagmite
There are numerous cylindrical sediments or cone-shaped rock formations known as stalactite and stalagmite in many caves. These sediments are of two types: some of them hang from the ceiling of the cave, named Stalactite, while the others rise from the floor of a cave due to the accumulation of material deposited on the floor from ceiling drippings, known as Stalagmite. Sometimes stalactite and stalagmites come together and form an integrated column.
Limestone rock is mostly composed of calcium carbonate. When rain penetrates through limestone, it dissolves some of the calcium carbonate. So, the water dripping from the cave ceiling contain a large a Mount of calcium carbonate.